Everything about Synthetic Rubber totally explained
Synthetic rubber is any type of artificially made
polymer material which acts as an
elastomer. An elastomer is a material with the mechanical (or material) property that it can undergo much more
elastic deformation under stress than most materials and still return to its previous size without permanent deformation. Synthetic rubber serves as a substitute for
natural rubber in many cases, especially when improved material properties are needed.
Natural rubber coming from latex is mostly polymerized
isoprene with a small percentage of impurities in it. This will limit the range of properties available to it. Also, there are limitations on the proportions of
cis and
trans double bonds resulting from methods of
polymerizing natural latex. This also limits the range of properties available to natural rubber, although addition of
sulfur and
vulcanization are used to improve the properties.
However, synthetic rubber can be made from the polymerization of a variety of
monomers including isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene), 1,3-
butadiene,
chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene), and
isobutylene (methylpropene) with a small percentage of isoprene for
cross-linking. Furthermore, these and other monomers can be mixed in various desirable proportions to be
copolymerized for a wide range of physical, mechanical, and chemical properties. The monomers can be produced pure and addition of impurities or additives can be controlled by design to give optimal properties. Polymerization of pure monomers can be better controlled to give a desired proportion of
cis and
trans double bonds.
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